Drummond1993a
| Drummond1993a | |
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| BibType | ARTICLE |
| Key | Drummond1993a |
| Author(s) | Kent Drummond, Robert Hopper |
| Title | Acknowledgement tokens in series |
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| Tag(s) | EMCA, Acknowledgement |
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| Year | 1993 |
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| Journal | Communication Reports |
| Volume | 6 |
| Number | 1 |
| Pages | 47–53 |
| URL | Link |
| DOI | 10.1080/08934219309367561 |
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Abstract
This study examined the ordering of acknowledgment tokens (brief utterances such as ‘mm hm’ and ‘uh huh’) produced by recipients during extended telephone conversations. The question was asked: When tokens appear in a series, is there a recognizable pattern to their arrangement? Twenty‐five series of acknowledgment tokens were analyzed and tabulated, and a mean ordinal value was computed for each token. Results showed that ‘mm hm’ and ‘uh huh’ tended to appear somewhat earlier in a series, and ‘oh’, ‘okay’ and short assessments such as ‘lovely’ tended to appear very near the end of a series. The data suggested that recipients produced a variety of tokens, in an observable pattern, as they moved from listener to speaker roles.
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