<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
	<id>https://emcawiki.net/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=DarceySearles</id>
	<title>emcawiki - User contributions [en]</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://emcawiki.net/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=DarceySearles"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/Special:Contributions/DarceySearles"/>
	<updated>2026-05-24T06:28:45Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.31.1</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rintel2003&amp;diff=14653</id>
		<title>Rintel2003</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rintel2003&amp;diff=14653"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T22:01:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Sean Rintel; Jeffrey Pittam; Joan Mulholland&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Time will tell: Ambiguous non-responses on Internet Relay Chat&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Internet Relay Chat; Computer-mediated Communication; non-response; Repair;&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rintel2003&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2003&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=The Electronic Journal of Communication / La Revue Electronic de Communication&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=13&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=1&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://www.cios.org/EJCPUBLIC/013/1/01312.HTML&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rintel1997&amp;diff=14652</id>
		<title>Rintel1997</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rintel1997&amp;diff=14652"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T22:00:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Sean Rintel; Jeffrey Pittam;&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Strangers in a strange land: Interaction management on Internet Relay Chat&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Internet Relay Chat; Computer-mediated Communication;&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rintel1997&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=1997&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Human Communication Research&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=23&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=4&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=507-534&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1997.tb00408.x/abstract&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=10.1111/j.1468-2958.1997.tb00408.x&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=This article examines a set of interactions (logs) taken from the form of computer-mediated communication known as Internet Relay Chat (IRC). The authors were particularly concerned with the interaction management strategies adopted by the participants in the logs during the opening and closing phases of the interactions to develop interpersonal relationships and communicate socioemotional content, as illustrated by their attempts to initiate and/or close interactions with others using the medium. The article compares these strategies and their structure with those proposed for face-to-face (FTP) interactions and proposes an explanatory framework for the interaction management of opening and closing phases on IRC. It is suggested that interaction management in these phases of IRC logs is similar to that in casual group FTP interaction in terms of the general functions of the strategies used, but that the content, structure, and ordering of the strategies are subject to adaptation.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rintel2001&amp;diff=14651</id>
		<title>Rintel2001</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rintel2001&amp;diff=14651"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:59:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Sean Rintel; Joan Mulholland; Jeffrey Pittam;&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=First things first: Internet Relay Chat openings&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Internet Relay Chat; Computer-mediated Communication; Opening;&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rintel2001&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2001&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=6&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=3&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2001.tb00125.x/full&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=10.1111/j.1083-6101.2001.tb00125.x&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Reynolds2011&amp;diff=14649</id>
		<title>Reynolds2011</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Reynolds2011&amp;diff=14649"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:55:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Edward Reynolds&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Enticing a Challengeable in Arguments: Sequence, Epistemics And Preference Organisation&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA;  Questions; Arguments; Conflict; Epistemics; Conversation Analysis; Argument; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Reynolds2011&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2011&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Pragmatics&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=21&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=3&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=411-430&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://benjamins.com/#catalog/journals/prag.21.3/toc&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=This article reports on an interactional practice found in one form of adversarial talk, arguments during protests, where participants work to ‘entice’  a particular answer from an opponent using an uncontroversial questions in order to challenge the opponent on the basis of their own answer. Based on a collection of arguments during protests posted to YouTube, this article uses conversation analysis (CA) in order to investigate the way in which participants employ these uncontroversial questions as ‘pre-challenges’, using speaker selection, recipient focused topics and a moral ordering of talk to work to &lt;br /&gt;
obligate a particular answer from the recipient. The results of the analysis illustrate several ways in which participants manipulate epistemics, speaker selection, and recipient design as resources for enacting social conflict.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rendle-Short2010&amp;diff=14648</id>
		<title>Rendle-Short2010</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rendle-Short2010&amp;diff=14648"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:54:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Johanna Rendle-Short;&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=‘Mate’ as a term of address in ordinary interaction&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Mate; Address term; Conversation Analysis; Sequential environment; Australian English;&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rendle-Short2010&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2010&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Journal of Pragmatics&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=42&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=1201–1218&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2009.09.013&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=This paper focuses on the sequential environment of the address term ‘mate’, contrasting the post-positioned ‘mate’ (e.g. ‘hello mate’) with the pre-positioned ‘mate’ (e.g. ‘mate how are ya’). Because ‘mate’ occurs in a wide variety of situations and carries with&lt;br /&gt;
it a range of interpretations, it is an extremely popular termthat can be used not only when talking to friends, but also between casual acquaintances who may never talk to each other again. However, it can also be negatively interpreted, especially in ironic and&lt;br /&gt;
antagonistic contexts. This paper will argue that the interpretation of ‘mate’ is closely tied to its sequential placement. When post-positioned, ‘mate’ overwhelmingly occurs in openings and closings of conversations or following assessments, agreements, acknowledgements and appreciations, presenting an attitude of open friendliness towards the other person. This is no more evident than when ‘mate’ plays a mitigating role following requests, advice giving or even disagreements. However when pre-positioned, it&lt;br /&gt;
changes the sequential organization of the talk (as do pre-positioned address terms in general), giving the turn ﬁrst status. It will be argued that it is only through understanding its sequential position that we can begin to understand why ‘mate’ is sometimes interpreted as antagonistic or hostile.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rendle-Short2009&amp;diff=14647</id>
		<title>Rendle-Short2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rendle-Short2009&amp;diff=14647"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:53:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=INCOLLECTION |Author(s)=Johanna Rendle-Short;  |Title=Doing 'public policy' in the political news interview |Editor(s)=R. Fitzgerald; W. Housley |Tag(s)=EM...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=INCOLLECTION&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Johanna Rendle-Short; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Doing 'public policy' in the political news interview&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=R. Fitzgerald; W. Housley&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Conversation Analysis; Political communication; News interviews; Public Policy&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rendle-Short2009&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=Ashgate&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2009&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Address=Farnham, Surey, U.K.&lt;br /&gt;
|Booktitle=Media, Policy and Interaction&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=95-114&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rendle-Short2004&amp;diff=14644</id>
		<title>Rendle-Short2004</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rendle-Short2004&amp;diff=14644"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:47:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Johanna Rendle-Short;&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Showing structure: Using um in the academic seminar&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA;  Academic monologue; Discourse markers; Um; Uh; Repair; Institutional talk; Conversation Analysis; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rendle-Short2004&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2004&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Pragmatics&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=14&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=4&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=479–498&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://benjamins.com/#catalog/journals/prag.14.4.04ren/fulltext&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=10.1075/prag.14.4.04ren&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=Um and uh are generally considered to be indicative of dysfluency and uncertainty in speech production. However, analysis of the academic seminar indicates that the distribution of um and uh is not random. In specific well-defined environments um is used to indicate the underlying structure of the talk. Although Swerts (1998) has already suggested that fillers such as um and uh could be treated as discourse markers in Dutch, the notion that such tokens are functioning as discourse markers has not been developed in detail. This paper analyses the role played by um in a series of computer science seminars. Using traditional conversation analysis techniques, the paper focuses on the way in which um indicates structure in the academic seminar by maintaining coherence across bits of talk. It thus argues that in specific well-defined environments um functions as a discourse marker. This paper therefore addresses such issues as the role and function of um in seminar talk, the environments in which it occurs, and its use in indicating the structure of the talk to the listening audience.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rendle-Short2002&amp;diff=14643</id>
		<title>Rendle-Short2002</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rendle-Short2002&amp;diff=14643"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:45:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Johanna Rendle-Short;&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Managing Interaction: A Conversation Analytic Approach to the Management of Interaction by an 8 Year-Old Girl with Asperger's Syndrome&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Children with disabilities; Asperger; Autism; Conversation Analysis; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rendle-Short2002&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2002&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Issues in Applied Linguistics&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=13&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=2&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=161-186&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/51v47051&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=This single-case study uses conversation analysis (CA)  to  investigate some oj  the  interactional difficulties  faced by  children with Asperger's Syndrome  (AS). Through an analysis of a  single telephone conversation between an 8-year-old AS child and an adult and a peel; it shows the level oj interactional complexity required in managing talk. It argues that although the AS child is, on one level, successful in phoning her friend to ask a question, the success of the illteraction relies in part on the other interactants and their willingness to accommodate her different conversational norms. The study demonstrates how CA can be a useful tool for understanding some oj the interactional&lt;br /&gt;
difficulties faced by AS children and adults alike.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rendle-Short2000&amp;diff=14642</id>
		<title>Rendle-Short2000</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rendle-Short2000&amp;diff=14642"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:43:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Johanna Rendle-Short;  |Title=When &amp;quot;okay&amp;quot; is okay in computer science seminar talk |Tag(s)=EMCA; Okay; Seminar Talk |Key=Rendle-Short200...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Johanna Rendle-Short; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=When &amp;quot;okay&amp;quot; is okay in computer science seminar talk&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Okay; Seminar Talk&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rendle-Short2000&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2000&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Australian Review of Applied Linguistics&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=22&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=2&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=19-33&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/aral.22.2.02ren&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=10.1075/aral.22.2.02ren&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=Analysis of a series of seminars given by CSIRO computer scientists indicates that the use of the discourse marker: okay, is not random; rather, it plays an important role in orienting the listener to the overall structure of the seminar. This paper shows how okay occurs in specific environments, with specific prosodic features, and how its role and function vary according to where it occurs within the talk. Okay occurs most frequently at the boundary of one section of talk and the next, although its function varies according to whether it is associated with the beginning or with the end of a section of talk. This paper highlights the close interaction between talk and action, with special emphasis on the precise way in which saying okay is co-ordinated with placing the overhead slide on the screen.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Relieu2011&amp;diff=14641</id>
		<title>Relieu2011</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Relieu2011&amp;diff=14641"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:41:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Marc Relieu; Julien Morel;  |Title=Locating mobility in orientation sequences |Tag(s)=EMCA; French; Mobility; Telephone;  |Key=Relieu201...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Marc Relieu; Julien Morel; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Locating mobility in orientation sequences&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; French; Mobility; Telephone; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Relieu2011&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2011&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Nottingham French Studies&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=50&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=2&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/nfs.2011-2.005&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Reiter2006&amp;diff=14640</id>
		<title>Reiter2006</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Reiter2006&amp;diff=14640"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:39:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Rosina Márquez Reiter |Title=Interactional closeness in service calls to a Montevidean carer service company |Tag(s)=EMCA; Uruguay; Ins...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Rosina Márquez Reiter&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Interactional closeness in service calls to a Montevidean carer service company&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Uruguay; Institutional interaction; Telephone; Openings; Closeness&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Reiter2006&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2006&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Research on Language &amp;amp; Social Interaction&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=39&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=7-39&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3901_2&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3901_2&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=In this article, I explore aspects of the interactional behavior of Uruguayans in nonemergency service calls to a &amp;quot;carer service company,&amp;quot; an institutional context characteristic of contemporary Uruguay. I do so by presenting an overview of the recurrent features found in the openings of calls where a client's next of kin phones a carer service company to a request a carer on behalf of the client. In the first part of the article, I examine the structure of the openings in the light of previous research carried out in this area on English service calls and on an analysis of a small sample of Uruguayan ordinary calls. The findings reveal that they unfold in distinguishable sequences, namely, summons-answer, identification-recognition, and the reason for the call. In this respect, they show a similar pattern to that identified in English service calls. However, unlike English service calls and the Uruguayan ordinary calls examined here, the service calls of this study exhibit a high incidence of greetings and self-identification by the call taker during the initial sequences. In the second part of the article, I investigate the pragmatic function(s) of these verbal elements within the turns of the openings. Specifically, I provide an analysis of greetings and self-identification given that, strictly speaking, they are unnecessary for the transaction to be achieved. The results indicate that their presence shows an orientation toward interactional closeness in transactional calls between conversational participants who are not familiar with each other. The observed interactional closeness in otherwise neutral/formal institutional talk is explained by the participants' orientation toward association or interdependence and by the callers' strategic aim of ensuring a good service given the general quality of services offered by the company and the level of consumer rights in Uruguay.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Reed2000&amp;diff=14637</id>
		<title>Reed2000</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Reed2000&amp;diff=14637"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:35:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Darren Reed; Michael Ashmore |Title=The naturally-occurring chat machine |Tag(s)=EMCA; |Key=Reed2000 |Year=2000 |Language=English |Journ...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Darren Reed; Michael Ashmore&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=The naturally-occurring chat machine&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA;&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Reed2000&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2000&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=M/C - A Journal of Media and Culture&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=3&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=4&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2007&amp;diff=14636</id>
		<title>Raymond2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2007&amp;diff=14636"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:33:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond; Don H. Zimmerman;  |Title=Rights and responsibilities in calls for help: The case of the mountain glade fire |Tag(s)=E...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond; Don H. Zimmerman; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Rights and responsibilities in calls for help: The case of the mountain glade fire&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Emergency Calls; Rights; Responsibility; Help; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Raymond2007&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2007&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Research on Language &amp;amp; Social Interaction&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=40&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=1&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=33-61&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08351810701331232&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.1080/08351810701331232&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=In this article, we examine a corpus of calls occasioned by a single event, the 1990 Mountain Glade Fire in a coastal community on the Pacific Coast, to consider (a) how the distribution of rights and responsibilities are displayed in the talk of callers to the emergency phone line (9-1-1) and call takers (CTs) who receive them and (b) how these are linked to the directionality and action trajectory of such calls. In the case of the Mountain Glade corpus, the organization of emergency calls and the presuppositions and distribution of rights and responsibilities that it institutionalizes was incrementally but systematically altered over the course of multiple calls. In describing the problems encountered by callers and CTs in managing these calls, we note that even in departing from the institutionalized activities emergency telecommunications were designed to facilitate, callers and CTs were not free to disregard its constraints. These observations suggest that the ways in which the organized practice through which an institution is routinely produced and embodied in interaction can be a source of institutional resistance to change. In conclusion, we consider how other events with community wide impact—whether actual or merely potential—may have similar consequences for emergency services such as 9-1-1.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2006a&amp;diff=14635</id>
		<title>Raymond2006a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2006a&amp;diff=14635"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:31:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond; John Heritage;  |Title=The epistemics of social relationships: Owning grandchildren |Tag(s)=EMCA; Conversation Analysi...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond; John Heritage; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=The epistemics of social relationships: Owning grandchildren&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Conversation Analysis; Epistemics; Relationships; Identity; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Raymond2006a&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2006&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Language in Society&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=35&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=5&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=677-705&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/language-in-society/article/epistemics-of-social-relations-owning-grandchildren/B8619A2F024EDEFCA223FFB19AE4D9CA&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI= https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404506060325&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=Scholars have long understood that linkages between the identities of actors and the design of their actions in interaction constitute one of the central mechanisms by which social patterns are produced. Although a range of empirical approaches has successfully grounded claims regarding the significance of various forms or types of identity (gender, sex, race, ethnicity, class, familial status, etc.) in almost every form of social organization, these analyses have mostly focused on aggregated populations, aggregated interactions, or historical periods that have been (in different ways) abstracted from the particulars of singular episodes of interaction. By contrast, establishing the mechanisms by which a specific identity is made relevant and consequential in any particular episode of interaction has remained much more elusive. This article develops a range of general analytic resources for explicating how participants in an interaction can make relevant and consequential specific identities in particular courses of action. It then illustrates the use of these analytic resources by examining a phone call between two friends, one of whom relevantly embodies “grandparent” as an identity. The conclusion offers observations prompted by this analysis regarding basic contingencies that characterize self-other relationships, and the role of generic grammatical resources in establishing specific identities and intimate relationships.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2009&amp;diff=14634</id>
		<title>Raymond2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2009&amp;diff=14634"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:29:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=INCOLLECTION |Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond;  |Title=Grammar and social relations: Alternative forms of yes/no-type initiating actions in health visitor inter...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=INCOLLECTION&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Grammar and social relations: Alternative forms of yes/no-type initiating actions in health visitor interactions&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=A. F. Freed; S. Ehrlich&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Conversation Analysis; Institutional interaction; Yes/no; Grammar; Relationships; Initiating Actions&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Raymond2010a&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=Oxford University Press&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2010&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Address=New York&lt;br /&gt;
|Booktitle=&amp;quot;Why do you ask?&amp;quot;: The function of questions in institutional discourse&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=87-107&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2010&amp;diff=14633</id>
		<title>Raymond2010</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2010&amp;diff=14633"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:26:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=INCOLLECTION |Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond;  |Title=Prosodic variation in responses: The case of type-conforming responses to yes/no interrogatives |Editor(s...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=INCOLLECTION&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Prosodic variation in responses: The case of type-conforming responses to yes/no interrogatives&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=D. Barth-Weingarten; E. Reber; M. Selting; &lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Conversation Analysis; Prosody; Yes/no; Response; Type-conforming responses; Interrogatives&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Raymond2010&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=John Benjamins&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2010&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Address=Amsterdam&lt;br /&gt;
|Booktitle=Prosody in Interaction&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=109-130&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2006&amp;diff=14632</id>
		<title>Raymond2006</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2006&amp;diff=14632"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:23:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=INCOLLECTION |Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond;  |Title=Questions at work: Yes/no type interrogatives in institutional contexts |Editor(s)=P. Drew; G. Raymond; D...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=INCOLLECTION&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Questions at work: Yes/no type interrogatives in institutional contexts&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=P. Drew; G. Raymond; D. Weinberg; &lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Conversation Analysis; Institutional interaction; Yes/no; Interrogatives&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Raymond2006&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=Sage&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2006&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Booktitle=Talk and Interaction in Social Research Methods&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=115-134&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2004&amp;diff=14631</id>
		<title>Raymond2004</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2004&amp;diff=14631"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:21:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond;  |Title=Prompting action: The stand alone &amp;quot;so&amp;quot; in ordinary conversation |Tag(s)=EMCA; Conversation Analysis; Prompting...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Prompting action: The stand alone &amp;quot;so&amp;quot; in ordinary conversation&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Conversation Analysis; Prompting; Action; So; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Raymond2004&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2004&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Research on Language &amp;amp; Social Interaction&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=37&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=185-218&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3702_4&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3702_4&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=Coordinating social action with others entails (and is reflected in) members' knowing where they are in a course of action, from whom an action is due, what action is due, and the like. Although methods of turn taking and sequence organization provide primary resources for establishing a joint understanding of actions and events in conversation, the use of these methods can become complicated because any turn at talk can be understood to participate in and have relevance for units of organization beyond its immediate sequential context. When coparticipants find themselves &amp;quot;out of sync&amp;quot; regarding the import of a unit of talk, and these &amp;quot;first line&amp;quot; methods reveal a problem of understanding, participants can draw on ancillary methods, such as repair (Schegloff, Jefferson, &amp;amp; Sacks,1977; Schegloff, 1992b, 1997), and other practices for managing their difficulties. In this article, I describe one such practice-&amp;quot;the stand-alone 'so'&amp;quot;-that participants use to prompt action by a recipient. The stand-alone &amp;quot;so&amp;quot; is analyzed as a distinctive practice for interaction by examining the sequential environments in which it is produced, the range of contingencies it can be used to manage, and variations in the outcomes it aims for. I conclude the article by considering how the features of this practice are suited to the contingencies it is mobilized to manage and what this can tell us about the overlapping relevance of the organization turn taking, sequence organization, and the overall structural organization of conversation for understanding turns at talk.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2003&amp;diff=14630</id>
		<title>Raymond2003</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2003&amp;diff=14630"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:19:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond;  |Title=Grammar and social organization: Yes/no interrogatives and the structure of responding |Tag(s)=EMCA; Conversat...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Grammar and social organization: Yes/no interrogatives and the structure of responding&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Conversation Analysis; Grammar; Interrogatives; Yes/no; Response; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Raymond2003&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2003&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=American Sociological Review&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=68&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=939-967&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1519752&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=10.2307/1519752&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2000&amp;diff=14629</id>
		<title>Raymond2000</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raymond2000&amp;diff=14629"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:13:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond;  |Title=The voice of authority: The local accomplishment of authoritative discourse in live news broadcasts |Tag(s)=EM...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Geoffrey Raymond; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=The voice of authority: The local accomplishment of authoritative discourse in live news broadcasts&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Conversation Analysis; News; Authority; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Raymond2000&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2000&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Discourse Studies&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=2&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=354-379&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1461445600002003005&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=Ever since language has been examined as a vehicle for action, scholars have been interested in its authorized use (Austin, 1962). Typically described under the rubric of `felicity conditions', the authorized use of language involves, among other conditions, the right or authority of a member to engage in, or deploy, some named action. This paper begins by examining how participants authorize the discourse of a co-interactant in one specialized setting: a live news broadcast. I argue that the successful exploitation by a reporter of his/her right to authoritatively describe a scene all are witnessing rests in part on the displayed mutual orientation of his or her co-interactants to that right through the local, contingently achieved deployment of complex discursive practices. After exploring the special case of live news broadcasts, I link this study to other studies of mass media that have explored the link between discursive practices in news broadcasts and reportorial authority. Finally, I argue that the resources I have identified have a more general provenance than live news broadcasts, and reflect on the relation between these findings and recent discussions that explore the authorized use of language.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2005a&amp;diff=14628</id>
		<title>Rawls2005a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2005a&amp;diff=14628"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:09:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; Gary C. David |Title=Accountably other: Trust, reciprocity, and exclusion in a context of situated practice |Tag(s)...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; Gary C. David&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Accountably other: Trust, reciprocity, and exclusion in a context of situated practice&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Race; Trust; Reciprocity; Exclusion; Ethnomethodology; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2005a&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2005&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Human Studies&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=28&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=469-497&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10746-005-9005-2&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=The first part of this paper makes five points: First, the problem of Otherness is different and differently constructed in modern differentiated societies. Therefore, approaches to Otherness based on traditional notions of difference and boundary between societies and systems of shared belief will not suffice; Second, because solidarity can no longer be maintained through boundaries between ingroup and outgroup, social cohesion has to take a different form; Third, to the extent that Otherness is not a condition of demographic, or belief based, exclusion in modern societies, but rather something that happens to people otherwise available to one another in interaction, othering is a processthat occurs over the course of interaction, turn by turn, not a set of beliefs or a state of mind; Fourth, othering may be supported by accounts and narratives, and these may exist before the fact – or be articulated after the fact. But, over the course of an ongoing interaction, beliefs and narratives do not explain what goes wrong with practices; Fifth, practices require reciprocity and trust. Therefore, practices require a morestringent form of morality – not a less stringent form – and moresocial cohesion – not less – than traditional society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second part of the paper illustrates these five points with an extended analysis of a cross-race interaction in which accounts are invoked, reciprocity breaks down, and participants are rendered as Accountable Others.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2011b&amp;diff=14627</id>
		<title>Rawls2011b</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2011b&amp;diff=14627"/>
		<updated>2018-06-14T21:07:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Garfinkel, ethnomethodology and the defining questions of pragmatism |Tag(s)=EMCA; Garfinkel; Ethnomethodol...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Garfinkel, ethnomethodology and the defining questions of pragmatism&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Garfinkel; Ethnomethodology; Basic Resources; Pragmatism&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2011b&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2011&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Qualitative Sociology&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=34&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=277-282&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11133-010-9185-6.pdf&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI= 10.1007/s11133-010-9185-6&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2009b&amp;diff=14608</id>
		<title>Rawls2009b</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2009b&amp;diff=14608"/>
		<updated>2018-06-11T19:55:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Editor's introduction |Editor(s)=A. W. Rawls;  |Tag(s)=EMCA; Basic Resources;  |Key=Rawls2009b |Year=2009 |...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Editor's introduction&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=A. W. Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Basic Resources; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2009b&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2009&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Journal of Classical Sociology&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=9&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=4&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=357-370&lt;br /&gt;
|Note=Special issue: John Rawls' 'Two concepts of rules'&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2008&amp;diff=14607</id>
		<title>Rawls2008</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2008&amp;diff=14607"/>
		<updated>2018-06-11T19:52:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Harold Garfinkel, ethnomethodology and workplace studies |Tag(s)=EMCA; Ethnomethodology; Workplace studies;...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Harold Garfinkel, ethnomethodology and workplace studies&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Ethnomethodology; Workplace studies; Garfinkel; Social Theory; Conversation Analysis; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2008&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2008&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Organization Studies&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=29&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=701-732&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0170840608088768&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=Known primarily as the author of a method for studying work, Harold Garfinkel — and ethnomethodological studies of work, or workplace studies — also offer an important alternative theory of work. First articulated in the late 1940s and early 1950s as a theory of communication, organization, and information, it has been Garfinkel's proposal that mutual understanding (orienting objects, meaning, and identities) in interactions, including technical situations of work, requires constant mutual orientation to situated constitutive expectancies — taken-for-granted methods of producing order that constitute sense — accompanied by displays of attention, competence, and trust. Based on this premise, researchers need to enter worksites to learn the order properties of work. Conventional theories, by contrast, treat social orders (including work) as resulting from individual interests, external constraint, and/or some conjunction between the two. For Garfinkel, however, individual motivation, power, and constraint must be managed by workers in and through the details of work. He insists that the need for participants to mutually orient ways of producing order on each next occasion adequately explains the details of order and sensemaking. Thus, any worksite exhibits the details required to produce, manage and understand local orders of work, including power and constraint — details that are local matters, lost to general formulation, requiring a research approach focused on the order properties of those details.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2007&amp;diff=14606</id>
		<title>Rawls2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2007&amp;diff=14606"/>
		<updated>2018-06-11T19:50:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Théorie de la connaissance et pratique chez Durkheim et Garfinkel&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=M. de Fornel; C. Lemieux&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Durkheim; Garfinkel; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2007&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=Ed. de l’EHESS (coll. Enquête)&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2007&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=French&lt;br /&gt;
|Address=Paris&lt;br /&gt;
|Booktitle=Naturalisme versus Constructivisme?&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=141–83&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2006&amp;diff=14605</id>
		<title>Rawls2006</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2006&amp;diff=14605"/>
		<updated>2018-06-11T19:49:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=INCOLLECTION |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Introduction |Editor(s)=A. W. Rawls |Tag(s)=EMCA; Sociology; Basic Resources;  |Key=Rawls2006 |Publish...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=INCOLLECTION&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Introduction&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=A. W. Rawls&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Sociology; Basic Resources; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2006&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=Paradigm Publishers&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2006&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Address=Boulder, CO&lt;br /&gt;
|Booktitle=Seeing sociologically: The routine grounds of social action&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=1-98&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2005&amp;diff=14604</id>
		<title>Rawls2005</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2005&amp;diff=14604"/>
		<updated>2018-06-11T19:47:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Garfinkel's conception of time |Tag(s)=EMCA; Ethnomethodology; Garfinkel; Time;  |Key=Rawls2005 |Year=2005...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Garfinkel's conception of time&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Ethnomethodology; Garfinkel; Time; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2005&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2005&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Time &amp;amp; Society&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=14&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=2-3&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=163-190&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0961463x05055132&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=Garfinkel articulates a significant conception of time - as situated and sequential - that works in tandem with his rendering of social order in terms of situated practices. However, because his treatment of the actor, action, group and time in situated terms differs significantly from more conventional theoretical approaches, critics have often mistakenly interpreted Garfinkel as focused on the individual, and indifferent to the significance of social structures, and their relations through time. What Garfinkel focuses on are practices, not individuals, and he argues that practices constitute the essential foundations of social structure. Given this view, the time dimension of practice is the significant time dimension for any study of communication and/or social order, which are both constituted in and through situations defined by mutual orientation toward practice.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2004a&amp;diff=14603</id>
		<title>Rawls2004a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2004a&amp;diff=14603"/>
		<updated>2018-06-11T19:46:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=BOOK |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Epistemology and practice: Durkheim's elementary forms of religious life |Tag(s)=EMCA; Epistemology; Durkheim;...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=BOOK&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Epistemology and practice: Durkheim's elementary forms of religious life&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Epistemology; Durkheim; Religion; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2004a&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=Cambridge University Press&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2004&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Address=Cambridge&lt;br /&gt;
|ISBN=978-0521112369&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2004&amp;diff=14602</id>
		<title>Rawls2004</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2004&amp;diff=14602"/>
		<updated>2018-06-11T19:44:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=La falace de l'abstraction mal placée&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Social Theory; Abstraction&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2004&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2004&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=French&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Revue du MAUSS&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=24&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=70-84&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://www.revuedumauss.com/&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=10.3917/rdm.024.0070&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2003b&amp;diff=14601</id>
		<title>Rawls2003b</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2003b&amp;diff=14601"/>
		<updated>2018-06-11T19:43:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=INCOLLECTION |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Orders of interaction and intelligibility: Intersections between Goffman and Garfinkel by way of Durkh...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=INCOLLECTION&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Orders of interaction and intelligibility: Intersections between Goffman and Garfinkel by way of Durkheim&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=A. J. Treviño&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Basic Resources; Durkheim; Goffman; Garfinkel; Interaction order&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2003b&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2003&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Address=Lanham, MD&lt;br /&gt;
|Booktitle=Goffman's legacy&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=216-253&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2003a&amp;diff=14600</id>
		<title>Rawls2003a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2003a&amp;diff=14600"/>
		<updated>2018-06-11T19:41:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Conflict as a foundation for consensus: Contradictions of capitalism in book III of Durkheim's division of...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Conflict as a foundation for consensus: Contradictions of capitalism in book III of Durkheim's division of labor&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Durkheim; Conflict; Capitalism; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2003a&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2003&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Critical Sociology&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=29&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=3&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=295-335&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1163/156916303322591095&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=In The Division of Labor in Society (1893) Durkheim stresses the role of shared practice and spontaneous regulation in modern social forms, proposing that the modern division of labor is organized differently from traditional society, and thus that traditional solutions to problems of social justice and social disorganization are not appropriate in a modern context. He contrasts modern solidarities based on shared practice with the shared community of beliefs and strong external constraints characteristic of more traditional societies. It is Durkheim's position that because modern social forms are organized differently they require a different type of moral foundation. Specifically, Durkheim argues that justice is necessary in an advanced division of labor and that any such society that does not achieve justice stands in a state of self-contradiction. While Durkheim's reasons for arguing that modern industrial capitalism stands in a state of self-contradiction are somewhat different from those of Marx, the argument is in essential respects the same. Both argue that modern industrial capitalist society violates its own prerequisites and that if the fundamental needs of the human being for justice and reciprocity are not met that social form will destroy itself from within. The consequences of the argument that justice is a functional necessity in a modern division of labor context are fundamental and profound in an age of globalization.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2003&amp;diff=14599</id>
		<title>Rawls2003</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2003&amp;diff=14599"/>
		<updated>2018-06-11T19:39:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=INCOLLECTION |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Harold Garfinkel |Editor(s)=M. Lynch; W. Sharrock |Tag(s)=EMCA; Basic Resources; Garfinkel;  |Key=Rawl...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=INCOLLECTION&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Harold Garfinkel&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=M. Lynch; W. Sharrock&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Basic Resources; Garfinkel; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2003&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=Sage&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2003&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Address=London&lt;br /&gt;
|Booktitle=Harold Garfinkel&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=1&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=9-42&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2002a&amp;diff=14598</id>
		<title>Rawls2002a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2002a&amp;diff=14598"/>
		<updated>2018-06-11T19:37:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=INCOLLECTION |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Editor's introduction |Editor(s)=H. Garfinkel |Tag(s)=EMCA; Ethnomethodology; Durkheim; Aphorism;  |Ke...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=INCOLLECTION&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Editor's introduction&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=H. Garfinkel&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Ethnomethodology; Durkheim; Aphorism; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2002a&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2002&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Address=Lanham, MD&lt;br /&gt;
|Booktitle=Ethnomethodology's program: Working out Durkheim's aphorism&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=1-64&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2001&amp;diff=14597</id>
		<title>Rawls2001</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2001&amp;diff=14597"/>
		<updated>2018-06-11T19:33:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Durkheim's treatment of practice: Concrete practice vs representations as the foundation of reason |Tag(s)=...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Durkheim's treatment of practice: Concrete practice vs representations as the foundation of reason&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Basic Resources; Durkheim; Knowledge; Reason; Representation; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2001&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2001&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Journal of Classical Sociology&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=1&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=1&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=33-68&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1468795X0100100102&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=It is generally thought that Durkheim based his theory of knowledge on a theory of representations. However, in The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (1915 [1912]) he places great emphasis on concrete and witnessable aspects of practice such as sounds and movements and downplays the importance of beliefs and representations. He argues that ritual sounds and movements, when collectively enacted, can create sentiments that give rise to the essential concepts that he refers to as the categories of the understanding. Representations are, in his view, secondary phenomena that arise only after participation in social practices. This article demonstrates through an analysis of Durkheim's text that he carefully referred to ritual practices in concrete and not representational terms at strategic points in the argument. Furthermore, it is argued that the collective experience of concrete sounds and movements was, on Durkheim's view, a prerequisite for the subsequent development of representations.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2000a&amp;diff=14567</id>
		<title>Rawls2000a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2000a&amp;diff=14567"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:37:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=INCOLLECTION |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Harold Garfinkel |Editor(s)=G. Ritzer;  |Tag(s)=EMCA; Basic Resources; Garfinkel;  |Key=Rawls2000a |Pu...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=INCOLLECTION&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Harold Garfinkel&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=G. Ritzer; &lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Basic Resources; Garfinkel; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2000a&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=Blackwell&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2000&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Address=Oxford&lt;br /&gt;
|Booktitle=The Blackwell Companion to Major Social Theorists&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2000&amp;diff=14566</id>
		<title>Rawls2000</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls2000&amp;diff=14566"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:36:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=&amp;quot;Race&amp;quot; as an interaction order phenomenon: W. E. B. Du Boi's &amp;quot;Double consciousness&amp;quot; thesis revisited |Tag(s...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=&amp;quot;Race&amp;quot; as an interaction order phenomenon: W. E. B. Du Boi's &amp;quot;Double consciousness&amp;quot; thesis revisited&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Race; Discrimination; Interaction order&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls2000&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2000&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Sociological Theory&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=18&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=241-274&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/0735-2751.00097&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=This article reports on a study of interaction between Americans who self-identify as Black and White that reveals underlying expectations with regard to conversation that differ between the two groups. These differences seem not to have much to do with class or gender, but rather vary largely according to self-identification by “race.” The argument of this paper will be that the social phenomena of “race” are constructed at the level of interaction whenever Americans self-identified as Black and White speak to one another. This is because the Interaction Order expectations with regard to both self and community vary between the two groups. Because the “language games” and conversational “preferences” practiced by the two groups are responsive to different Interaction Orders, the “working consensus” is substantially different, and as a consequence, conversational “moves” are not recognizably the same. It will be argued that a great deal of institutional discrimination against African Americans can be traced to this source.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1998&amp;diff=14565</id>
		<title>Rawls1998</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1998&amp;diff=14565"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:34:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Durkheim's challenge to philosophy: Human reason explained as a product of enacted social practices |Tag(s)...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Durkheim's challenge to philosophy: Human reason explained as a product of enacted social practices&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Durkheim; Reasoning&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls1998&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=1998&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=American Journal of Sociology&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=104&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=887-901&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/210091?journalCode=ajs&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.1086/210091&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1997a&amp;diff=14564</id>
		<title>Rawls1997a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1997a&amp;diff=14564"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:31:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Durkheim and pragmatism: An old twist on a contemporary debate |Tag(s)=EMCA; Durkheim; Pragmatism |Key=Rawl...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Durkheim and pragmatism: An old twist on a contemporary debate&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Durkheim; Pragmatism&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls1997a&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=1997&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Sociological Theory&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=15&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=1&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=5-29&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/0735-2751.00021&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00021&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=Durkheim's lectures on pragmatism, given in 1913–14, constitute both a significant critique of pragmatism and a clarification of Durkheim's own position. Unfortunately, these lectures have received little attention, most of it critical. When they have been taken seriously, the analysis tends to focus on their historical context and not on the details of Durkheim's actual argument. This is partly because the tendency to interpret Durkheim's theory of knowledge in idealist terms makes a nonsense of his criticisms of pragmatism. It is also due to a lack of serious appraisal of the lectures as a series of arguments in their own right.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1996a&amp;diff=14563</id>
		<title>Rawls1996a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1996a&amp;diff=14563"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:29:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Durkheim's epistemology: The neglected argument |Tag(s)=EMCA; Durkheim; Epistemology; Basic Resources;  |Ke...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Durkheim's epistemology: The neglected argument&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Durkheim; Epistemology; Basic Resources; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls1996a&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=1996&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=American Journal of Sociology&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=102&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=430-482&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/230952&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=Durkheim's epistemology, the argument for the social origins of the categories of the understanding, is his most important and most neglected argument. This argument has been confused with his sociology of knowledge, and Durkheim's overall position has been misunderstood as a consequence. The current popularity of a &amp;quot;cultural&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;ideological&amp;quot; interpretation of Durkheim is as much a misunderstanding of his position as the &amp;quot;functional&amp;quot; interpretation from which the current interpretations seek to rescue him. Durkheim articulated a sophisticated epistemology in the classical sense, a point that has been entirely missed.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1996&amp;diff=14562</id>
		<title>Rawls1996</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1996&amp;diff=14562"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:27:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Durkheim's epistemology: The initial critique |Tag(s)=EMCA; Basic Resources; Durkheim; Epistemology;  |Key=...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Durkheim's epistemology: The initial critique&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Basic Resources; Durkheim; Epistemology; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls1996&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=1996&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=The Sociological Quarterly&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=38&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=111-145&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1997.tb02342.x&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1997.tb02342.x&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=Although it is evident in his work from the beginning, Durkheim's epistemological argument did not appear in its completed form until the 1912 publication of The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. There Durkheim outlined a theory of enacted social practice as the foundation for an epistemology. Yet neither Durkheim's contribution to a theory of social practice nor his epistemological argument have been recognized as such. The early critics played a pivotal role in creating and perpetuating this misunderstanding. The first highly negative wave of criticism in English, which treated Durkheim's arguments as naive, inadequate philosophy, appeared between 1915 and 1924. Inadequate as these initial criticisms were, citations show that they have been heavily relied upon. On these critics” authority, scholars rejected Durkheim's epistemology altogether, focusing instead on his sociology of knowledge and sociology of religion.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1990&amp;diff=14561</id>
		<title>Rawls1990</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1990&amp;diff=14561"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:24:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Emergent sociality: A dialectic of commitment and order |Tag(s)=EMCA; Ethnomethodology; Social Theory; |Key...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Emergent sociality: A dialectic of commitment and order&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Ethnomethodology; Social Theory;&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls1990&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=1990&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Symbolic Interaction&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=13&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=1&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=63-82&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1525/si.1990.13.1.63&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.1525/si.1990.13.1.63&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=A conversation has a life of its own and makes demands on its own behalf. It is a little social system with its own boundary maintaining tendencies; it is a little patch of commitment and loyalty with its own heroes and its own villains. (Goffman 1967:113)&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1989a&amp;diff=14560</id>
		<title>Rawls1989a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1989a&amp;diff=14560"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:23:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=INCOLLECTION |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=An ethnomethodological perspective on social theory |Editor(s)=D. Helm |Tag(s)=EMCA; Ethnomethodology;...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=INCOLLECTION&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=An ethnomethodological perspective on social theory&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=D. Helm&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Ethnomethodology; Social Theory; Basic Resources; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls1989a&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=Irvington&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=1989&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Address=New York&lt;br /&gt;
|Booktitle=The interactional order: New directions in the study of social order&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=4-20&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1989&amp;diff=14559</id>
		<title>Rawls1989</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1989&amp;diff=14559"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:21:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=Language, self, and social order: A reformulation of Goffman and Sacks |Tag(s)=EMCA; Social Order; Goffman;...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Language, self, and social order: A reformulation of Goffman and Sacks&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Social Order; Goffman; Sacks; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls1989&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=1989&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Human Studies&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=12&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=1&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=147-172&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00142843&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00142843&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1987&amp;diff=14558</id>
		<title>Rawls1987</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rawls1987&amp;diff=14558"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:18:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls;  |Title=The interaction order sui generis: Goffman's contribution to social theory |Tag(s)=EMCA; Goffman; Social Th...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Anne Warfield Rawls; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=The interaction order sui generis: Goffman's contribution to social theory&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Goffman; Social Theory; Rituals;&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rawls1987&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=1987&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Sociological Theory&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=5&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=2&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=136-149&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://www.jstor.org/stable/201935&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=10.2307/201935&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raclaw2008&amp;diff=14557</id>
		<title>Raclaw2008</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raclaw2008&amp;diff=14557"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:16:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Joshua Raclaw&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Two patterns for conversational closings in instant message discourse&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Closings; CMC&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Raclaw2008&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2008&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Colorado Research in Linguistics&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=21&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=1&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=34-54&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://www.colorado.edu/ling/CRIL/Volume21_Issue1/index.htm&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=This paper investigates the methods used by speakers to end conversations in &lt;br /&gt;
instant message discourse. The analysis describes two distinct patterns of closing &lt;br /&gt;
sequences – expanded archetype closings and partially automated closings – used &lt;br /&gt;
to make a closing relevant to the interaction. The structure of these patterns are &lt;br /&gt;
demonstrated to be reliant upon speaker orientation to various social and &lt;br /&gt;
technological aspects of the medium,  such as online presence and program-&lt;br /&gt;
created automated messages. The analysis concludes that the ways in which &lt;br /&gt;
speakers close conversations are similar  in structure to spoken closings in face-&lt;br /&gt;
to-face interactions, though contoured specifically to the online medium in their &lt;br /&gt;
application.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rautajoki2009&amp;diff=14556</id>
		<title>Rautajoki2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rautajoki2009&amp;diff=14556"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:15:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=INCOLLECTION |Author(s)=Hanna Rautajoki;  |Title=Staging public discussion: Mobilizing political community in closing discussion programmes |Editor(s)=R. F...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=INCOLLECTION&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Hanna Rautajoki; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Staging public discussion: Mobilizing political community in closing discussion programmes&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=R. Fitzgerald; W. Housley&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Politics; Public Discussion&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rautajoki2009&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=Ashgate&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2009&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Address=Farnham, Surey, U.K.&lt;br /&gt;
|Booktitle=Media, Policy and Interaction&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=73-94&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raudaskoski2011&amp;diff=14555</id>
		<title>Raudaskoski2011</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Raudaskoski2011&amp;diff=14555"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:13:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Pirkko Raudaskoski&lt;br /&gt;
|Title=When lives meet live: categorization work in a reality TV show and “experience work” in two home audiences&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; MCA; TV; Reality TV;&lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Raudaskoski2011&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2011&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Text &amp;amp; Talk&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=31&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=5&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=619-641&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=10.1515/TEXT.2011.030&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rasmussen2002&amp;diff=14554</id>
		<title>Rasmussen2002</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rasmussen2002&amp;diff=14554"/>
		<updated>2018-06-07T21:11:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=INCOLLECTION |Author(s)=Gitte Rasmussen; Johannes Wagner;  |Title=Language choice in international telephone conversations |Editor(s)=K. K. Luke; T. Pavlid...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=INCOLLECTION&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Gitte Rasmussen; Johannes Wagner; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Language choice in international telephone conversations&lt;br /&gt;
|Editor(s)=K. K. Luke; T. Pavlidou&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Telephone; Language Choice; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rasmussen2002&lt;br /&gt;
|Publisher=John Benjamins&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=2002&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Address=Amsterdam&lt;br /&gt;
|Booktitle=Telephone Calls: Unity and diversity in conversational structure across languages and cultures&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=111-131&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rasmussen1998&amp;diff=14552</id>
		<title>Rasmussen1998</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rasmussen1998&amp;diff=14552"/>
		<updated>2018-06-06T22:13:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Gitte Rasmussen;  |Title=The use of forms of address in intercultural business calls |Tag(s)=EMCA; Address Terms; Intercultural communic...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Gitte Rasmussen; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=The use of forms of address in intercultural business calls&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Address Terms; Intercultural communication; Telephone; Institutional interaction; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rasmussen1998&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=1998&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Revue de sémantique et pragmatique&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2389048930&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rapley1998a&amp;diff=14551</id>
		<title>Rapley1998a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://emcawiki.net/index.php?title=Rapley1998a&amp;diff=14551"/>
		<updated>2018-06-06T22:11:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DarceySearles: Created page with &amp;quot;{{BibEntry |BibType=ARTICLE |Author(s)=Mark Rapley; Patrick Kiernan; Charles Antaki;  |Title=Invisible to themselves or negotiating identity? The interactional management of b...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BibEntry&lt;br /&gt;
|BibType=ARTICLE&lt;br /&gt;
|Author(s)=Mark Rapley; Patrick Kiernan; Charles Antaki; &lt;br /&gt;
|Title=Invisible to themselves or negotiating identity? The interactional management of being intellectually disabled&lt;br /&gt;
|Tag(s)=EMCA; Conversation Analysis; Identity; Intellectual disability; &lt;br /&gt;
|Key=Rapley1998a&lt;br /&gt;
|Year=1998&lt;br /&gt;
|Language=English&lt;br /&gt;
|Journal=Disability &amp;amp; Society&lt;br /&gt;
|Volume=13&lt;br /&gt;
|Number=5&lt;br /&gt;
|Pages=807-827&lt;br /&gt;
|URL=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09687599826524&lt;br /&gt;
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599826524&lt;br /&gt;
|Abstract=There seems to be a professional (and perhaps societal) consensus that the identity label of 'intellectual disabled' is an aversive, even 'toxic' one. Indeed, Todd &amp;amp; Shearn (1995, 1997) have advanced the suggestion that parents' concerns over the toxicity of the label led them to bring up their children in ignorance of their disabilities, and thus produce people who are 'invisible to themselves'. However, drawing on work in discursive psychology, we argue that their data (and further data from our own work) suggests rather that the social identity of 'being intellectually disabled', and its management in talk, is considerably more fluid and dynamic than the static characteristic of self implied by the construct of an all-embracing, 'toxic', identity. A person with an intellectual disability can, like any other, avow or disavow such an identity according to the demands of the situation in which they find themselves.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DarceySearles</name></author>
		
	</entry>
</feed>